covid-19

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Nearly two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, the battles over threshold business interruption coverage issues like the presence of physical loss or damage, causation, and the applicability of policy exclusions continue to rage.  Results have been mixed, with insurers notching wins in federal courts, and policyholders faring better in state courts and in certain jurisdictions.

But scores of policyholders who have avoided pre-discovery dismissal are now grappling with how other policy terms will impact their recovery.

Chief among these – particularly for policyholders with diverse and widespread physical locations and operations – is the impact of a classic question typically dealt with in handling catastrophic liability claims: how many occurrences are there?

The answer has profound implications for the amount of recovery, as it affects not only how deductibles may (or may not) apply but also how primary and excess coverage might respond to a large loss.

Three “tests” have emerged in case law to deal with this problem in the liability context. The “cause” test (adopted by the majority of jurisdictions) determines the number of “occurrences” by looking to the number of causes of injury or loss. The “effect” test determines the number of “occurrences” by looking to the number of resulting injuries or losses. And the “continuous process” test determines the number of occurrences by looking at the number of processes resulting in damage that were continuous, repetitive, and interrelated. See, e.g., Unigard Ins. Co. v. United States Fid. & Guar. Co., 728 P.2d 780 (Idaho Ct. App. 1986).Continue Reading “Occurrences” in COVID-19 business interruption litigation

Reed Smith Insurance Recovery partners John Shugrue, John Ellison, Amber Finch, Richard Lewis, and Matthew Weaver offer discussion and analysis on key issues relevant to businesses seeking, or evaluating whether to seek, coverage for COVID-19 losses. This webinar is available on demand and you can register here.

Here’s a brief summary of the topics addressed in the webinar:

  • Business interruption coverage and the physical loss/damage trigger (presented by Richard Lewis)

Business interruption insurance provides coverage when physical loss or damage adversely impacts a business, causing it loss.  This insurance covers lost profit and continuing expenses for the period needed to repair or replace damaged property and is designed to do for the business “what the business would have done had there been no loss or damage to property.”  For COVID-19, the key issue for business interruption coverage is: Can the known or suspected presence of a virus cause “physical loss or damage” to property?  For most businesses, it should generally be possible to make the requisite showing of physical loss or damage.

  • Contamination, virus, and microorganism exclusions (presented by John Ellison)

 In commentary, insurance companies have raised a variety of exclusions as potentially barring coverage for COVID-19 related losses.  Some of the exclusions raised include exclusions for virus, bacteria, contaminants, mold, and pollution.  Although there is significant diversity in exclusion wording across property policies, many policies contain standard virus exclusion language promulgated by the Insurance Services Office (ISO).  The ISO made demonstrably false statements to state regulators in seeking approval for this language.  Accordingly, virus exclusions may be vulnerable to challenge.  Additional information about insurers’ misrepresentations concerning virus exclusions is discussed in this article. Additionally, there are available challenges to the other forms of exclusion that insurers are raising that present viable responses to obtaining coverage even when they are asserted by your insurance company.

  • D&O coverage for shareholder claims (presented by John Shugrue)

Directors and officers liability insurance (D&O) coverage typically applies to liability claims made against individual directors for breach of fiduciary duty and to claims made against the business for securities law violations.  Potential claims implicating D&O coverage related to COVID-19 include shareholder claims for alleged failures to plan for, or respond to, the pandemic.Continue Reading Join us for an on-demand webinar “What policyholders really need to know about insurance for COVID-19”

Faced with mounting claims for insurance coverage as a result of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, commercial insurers are likely to search for any policy provision that they think will enable them to avoid paying virus-related claims.  One provision that insurers ultimately may invoke in an attempt to deny such claims is the so-called “pollution exclusion” – an exclusion that can be found in both commercial general liability (CGL) insurance policies and property insurance policies.  Policyholders should anticipate such an argument and should not walk away from insurance claims just because of it.  Although the exclusion is often broadly worded, there is generally good reason not to read it to preclude coverage for third-party claims and/or first-party losses involving viruses, including COVID-19.

While the exact language of the pollution exclusion may differ from one policy to another, it typically provides that there is no insurance for “bodily injury” and/or “property damage” that “would not have occurred in whole or in part but for the actual, alleged, or threatened discharge, dispersal, seepage, migration, release, or escape of ‘pollutants’ at any time.”  Again, while its precise definition can vary among policies, “pollutant” is typically defined as “any solid, liquid, gaseous or thermal irritant or contaminant, including smoke, vapor, soot, fumes, acids, alkalis, chemicals, and waste.”Continue Reading Pollution exclusion should not preclude coverage for virus-related claims